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Answer Key to Warder's 'Introduction to Pali'
Exercises 1-21
by
John Kelly
© 2005
Alternate format:

- Exercises 1-17
- Ex. 18
- Ex. 19
- Ex. 20
- Ex. 21

# Editor's note

This answer key will be an invaluable aid to the beginning student who is teaching him- or herself Pali from A.K. Warder's Introduction to Pali (3rdedition) (Oxford: Pali Text Society, 1991). In addition to giving detailed answers to the exercises, Kelly includes (for exercises 4 onwards) the references to the sutta passages in the Digha Nikaya from which the exercises were drawn. He has also corrected a number of errors in Warder's own references.

Sutta references follow the PTS numbering convention. For example, D.II.85 refers to volume 2, page 85 of the PTS Pali edition of the Digha Nikaya. The numbers that follow (e.g., xvi.1.22) refer to the sutta, paragraph, and sub-paragraph numbers. This numbering scheme is used both in the PTS Pali edition and in Maurice Walshe's The Long Discourses of the Buddha (Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1987). Comparisons between the two editions are thus easily made.

Each line in the answers below has three parts: the original text to be translated (English or Pali, in bold), followed by a literal translation, and concluding with a more idiomatic and fluent translation. Pali text is represented here using the Velthuis convention. To wit: long vowels are doubled (aa, ii, uu) and punctuation preceding a consonant is used to indicate a diacritic mark. For example, the cerebral "t" ("t-with-a-dot-under-it") is written as ".t"; the palatal "n" ("n-with-a-tilde-over-it") is written as "~n"; and so on.

For another take on the English-to-Pali Exercises, see the Pali Text Society's answers to English-to-Pali Exercises 7-30 <http://www.palitext.com/subpages/intropali.htm>.

— ed., Access to Insight

# Contents

# Exercise 1 (p. 15)

## Pali into English

tathaagato bhaasati | "thus-gone" / speaks | The "thus-gone" speaks.
upaasako pucchati | lay disciple / asks | The lay disciple asks.
puriso eva.m vadati | person / thus / speaks | The person speaks thus.
devo amanusso hoti | god / non-human / is | The god is a non-human.
eva.m vadami | thus / I say | I say this.
khattiyo pakkamati | warrior / leaves | The warrior leaves.
mahaamatto nisiidati | minister / sits down | The minister sits down.
sama.no tathaagato hoti | ascetic / "thus-gone" / is | The ascetic is the Tathagata.
putto upaasako passati | son / lay disciple / sees | The son (who is) a lay disciple sees.
braahma.no upasa.mkamati | Brahmin / approaches | The Brahmin approaches.
manusso jiivati | human / lives | The human lives.
eva.m vadanti | thus / they say | They say this.

## English into Pali

The man speaks | puriso / vadati | puriso vadati
The ascetic is "thus-gone" | sama.no / hoti / tathaagato | sama.no tathaagato hoti
The priest goes away | braahma.no / pakkamati | braahma.no pakkamati
The god says so | devo / vadati / eva.m | devo eva.m vadati
There is a time | hoti / samayo | samayo hoti
The son sits down | putto / nisiidati | putto nisiidati
The minister is a priest | mahaamatto / hoti / braahmano | mahaamatto braahmano hoti
The noble approaches | khattiyo / upasa.mkamati | khattiyo upasa.mkamati
The god dies | devo / cavati | devo cavati
You say so (sing.) | vadasi / eva.m | eva.m vadasi
You say so (pl.) | vadatha / eva.m | eva.m vadatha
We say so | vadaama / eva.m | eva.m vadaama

# Exercise 2 (pp. 19-20)

## Pali into English

sugato dhamma.m bhaasati | "well-gone" / doctrine / speaks | The "well-gone" speaks the doctrine.
upaasako patta.m aaharati | lay disciple / bowl / brings | The lay disciple brings the bowl.
manussaa bhava.m icchanti | humans / existence / wish for | Humans wish for existence.
gaama.m gacchaama | to the village / we go | We go to the village.
sama.no aagacchati | ascetic / comes | The ascetic comes.
tathaagato sugato hoti | "thus-gone" / "well-gone" / is | The "thus-gone" is the "well-gone."
braahma.no purise pucchati | Brahmin / people / asks | The Brahmin asks the people.
devaa cavanti | gods / die | The gods die.
vaada.m vadanti | statement / they speak | They utter the statement.
puttaa pabbajanti | sons / go forth | The sons go forth.
satto ti.t.thati | being / stays | The being stays.
sama.ne attha.m pucchanti | ascetics / meaning / they ask | They ask the ascetics the meaning.

## English into Pali

They go to the minister | gacchanti / mahaamatta.m | mahaamatta.m gacchanti
The men see the ministers | purisaa / passanti / mahaamatte | purisaa mahaamatte passanti
The god, who is not a human being, approaches the "thus-gone" | devo amanusso / upasa.mkamati / tathaagata.m | devo amanusso tathaagata.m upasa.mkamati
You ask the philosopher about the doctrine | pucchasi / sama.na.m / dhamma.m | sama.na.m dhamma.m pucchasi
We ask the philosopher who is "well-gone" | pucchaama / sama.na.m / sugata.m | sama.na.m sugata.m pucchaama
The "thus-gone" gives up negligence | tathaagato / pajahati / pamaada.m | tathaagato pamaada.m pajahati
The lay disciples enter the village | upaasakaa / pavisanti / gaama.m | upaasakaa gaama.m pavisanti
he ascetics meditate | sama.naa / jhaayanti | sama.naa jhaayanti
The substance remains | kaayo / ti.t.thati | kaayo ti.t.thati
He reaches the top | phusati / agga.m | agga.m phusati
We ask the philosopher the meaning | pucchaama / sama.na.m / attha.m | sama.na.m attha.m pucchaama
He gives alms | deti (dadaati) / pi.n.da.m | pi.n.da.m deti (dadaati)

# Exercise 3 (pp. 22-23)

## Pali into English

bhagavaa dhamma.m deseti | the Blessed One / the doctrine / teaches | The Blessed One teaches the doctrine.
raajaana.m va~ncesi | the king / you deceive | You deceive the king.
upaasaka.m braahmana.m dhaareti | the Brahmin / a lay follower / he accepts | He accepts the Brahmin as a lay follower.
raajaa purise aamanteti | the king / the people / addresses | The king addresses the people.
braahma.no brahmaana.m passati | the Brahmin / God (Brahma) / sees | The Brahmin sees God (Brahma).
raajaa khattiyo mahaamatta.m pucchati | the king / a noble / the minister / asks | The king who is a noble asks the minister.
braahma.naa raajaana.m vadanti | the Brahmins / (to) the king / speak | The Brahmins speak to the king.
puriso bhaara.m cha.d.deti | the man / the load / abandons | The man abandons the load.
eva.m kathenti | thus / they relate | Thus do they relate.
kaala.m paccaya.m pa~n~naapenti | time / the cause / they declare | They declare time as the cause.

## English into Pali

The lay disciples salute the fortunate one | upaasakaa / abhivaadenti / bhagavanta.m | upaasakaa bhagavanta.m abhivaadenti
He binds the hands | bandhati / hatthe | hatthe bandhati
I experience the result | pa.tisa.mvedemi / vipaaka.m | vipaaka.m pa.tisa.mvedemi
The king addresses the priest | raajaa / aamanteti / braahma.na.m | raajaa braahma.na.m aamanteti
The priest who is minister speaks thus to the fortunate one | braahma.no / mahaamatto / vadati / eva.m / bhagavanta.m | braahma.no mahaamatto bhagavanta.m eva.m vadati
Existence is the condition | bhavo / paccayo | bhavo paccayo
He remembers the meaning | dhaareti / attha.m | attha.m dhaareti
The fortunate one dresses | bhagavaa / nivaaseti | bhagavaa nivaaseti
The gods discuss the matter | devaa attha.m mantenti | devaa / mantenti / attha.m
The fortunate one asks the king | bhagavaa / pucchati / raajaana.m | bhagavaa raajaana.m pucchati
He enters the dwelling | pavisati / vihaara.m | vihaara.m pavisati
You rebut the argument | nibbe.thesi / vaada.m | vaada.m nibbe.thesi
The king takes counsel | raajaa / manteti | raajaa manteti
He renounces gain | pajahati / laabha.m | laabha.m pajahati/td

# Exercise 4 (pp. 27-28)

## Pali into English

upaasakaa nisiidi.msu | lay-followers / sat down | The lay-followers sat down [D.II.85 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).1.22]
bhutaapubba.m raajaa Disampati naama ahosi. Re.nu naama | in the past / king / Disampati / by name / there was / Renu / by name | At one time there was a king named Disampati. The prince named
kumaaro putto ahosi. Govindo naama braahma.no purohito | prince / son / was / Govinda / by name / Brahmin / prime minister | Renu was his son. The prime minister was a Brahmin named
ahosi. Jotipaalo naama maa.navo putto ahosi. | was / Jotipala / by name / young Brahmin / son / was | Govinda. The young Brahmin named Jotipala was his son.
Re.nu ca raajaputto Jotipaalo ca maa.navo sahayaa ahesu.m. | Renu / and / prince / Jotipala / and / young Brahmin / friends / were | Prince Renu and the young Brahmin Jotipala were friends.
atha kho Govindo braahma.no kaala.m akaasi. | then / indeed / Govinda / the Brahmin / time made (died) | Then Govinda the Brahmin died.
Raajaa Disampati paridevesi | king / Disampati / grieved | King Disampati grieved. [D.II.230-231 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).29]
eva.m tadaa aasi | thus / then / it was | This is how it was. [D.I.143 — v.(Kuu.tadanta).21]

## English into Pali

The priest went away | braahma.no / pakkaami | braahma.no pakkaami
The fortunate one entered the village | bhagavaa / paavisi / gaama.m | bhagavaa gaama.m paavisi
The son was called Uttara | putto / ahosi / naama / Uttaro | Uttaro naama putto ahosi
The fortunate one addressed Ananda | bhagavaa / aamantesi / Aananda.m | bhagavaa Aananda.m aamantesi
I have taught the doctrine | desesi.m / dhamma.m | dhamma.m desesi.m
The nobles approached the prince | khattiyaa / upasa.mkami.msu / raajaputta.m | khattiyaa raajaputta.m upasa.mkami.msu
I spoke thus | abhaasi.m / eva.m | eva.m abhaasi.m
The prince went forth | raajaputto / pabbaji | raajaputto pabbaji

# Exercise 5 (pp. 33-34)

## Pali into English

Re.nu raajaputto raajaana.m Disampati.m etad avoca. | Renu / prince / king / Disampati / this / said | Prince Renu said this to King Disampati:
maa kho tva.m deva paridevesi. | do not / indeed / you / lord / you grieve | "Do not grieve, lord."
atthi deva Jotipaalo naama maa.navo putto ti. | there is / lord / Jotipala / by name / young Brahmin / son / (end-quote) | There is, lord, a young Brahmin named Jotipala who is his son."
atha kho raajaa Disampati purisa.m aamantesi. | then / indeed / King / Disampati / a man / addressed | Then King Disampati addressed a man. [D.II.231 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).29-30]
aha.m ime dhamme desesi.m | I / these / doctrines / preached | I preached these doctrines. [D.II.75 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).1.5]
raajaa khattiyo ta.m purisa.m etad avoca | king / noble / that / man / this / he said | The king who was a noble spoke thus to that man. [D.III.65 — xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Siihanaada).10]
maa sama.na.m upasa.mkami | do not / recluse / approach | Do not approach the recluse. [D.I.129 — v.(Kuu.tadanta).6]
aha.m purohito braahma.no ahosi.m | I / prime minister / Brahmin /was | I was the Brahmin who was prime minister. [D.I.143 — v.(Kuu.tadanta).21]
aha.m asmi brahmaa issaro | I am / God / lord | I am the lord God. [D.I.18 — i.(Brahmajaala).2.5]
ida.m avoca bhagavaa | this / he said / Blessed One | The Blessed One said this. [D.II.252 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).62]
te raajaputta.m avocu.m | they / prince / spoke | They spoke to the prince. [D.II.233 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).33]
maa sadda.m akattha | do not / noise / make | Don't make a noise. [D.I.179 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).4]
so nirodha.m phusati | he / cessation / attains | He attains cessation. [D.I.185 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).20]
sama.naa a.mha | recluses / we are | We are recluses. [D.III.84 — xxvii.(Agga~n~na).9]
na ta.m deva va~ncemi | not / you / lord / I deceive | I do not deceive you, lord. [D.I.50 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).10]
eso mahaaraaja bhagavaa | this / great king / Blessed One | Your majesty, this is the Blessed One. [D.I.50 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).11]
maya.m bhagavanta.m upasa.mkamimhaa | we / Blessed One / approached | We approached the Blessed One. [D.II.288 — xxi.(Sakkapa~nha).2.10]
atthi kaayo | there is / body | There is a body. [D.II.292 — xxii.(Mahaasatipa.t.thaana).2]
upeti pi apeti pi | he comes / and / he goes / and | He comes and goes. [D.I.180 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).6]
evam eta.m braahma.na | thus / this / Brahmin | This is so, Brahmin. [D.I.124 — iv.(So.nada.n.da).22]

## English into Pali

The wanderer said this to the fortunate one | paribbaajako / avoca / etad / bhagavanta.m | paribbaajako bhagavanta.m etad avoca
Those wanderers were silent | te / parabbaajakaa / ahesu.m / tu.nhii | te parabbaajakaa tu.nhii ahesu.m
I teach the doctrine | aha.m / desemi / dhamma.m | aha.m dhamma.m desemi
I am a priest | aha.m / asmi / braahma.no | aha.m braahma.no asmi
This king is a human being, I too am a human being | aya.m / raajaa / manusso / aham / pi / manusso | aya.m raajaa manusso, aham pi manusso
I love her | aha.m / kaamemi / ta.m | aha.m ta.m kaamemi
Don't go in (sing.) | maa / paavisi | maa paavisi
We said to that fortunate one | maya.m / avocu.mha / ta.m / bhagavanta.m | maya.m ta.m bhagavanta.m avocu.mha
Don't grieve (plur.) | maa / paridevittha | maa paridevittha
He goes forth (use pronoun) | so / pabbajati | so pabbajati
Then (add kho) Mahagovinda the priest towards those nobles approached that way | atha kho / Mahaagovindo / braahma.no / yena / te / khattiyaa / upasa.mkami / tena | atha kho Mahaagovindo braahma.no yena te khattiyaa tena upasa.mkami
He said this to those nobles | so / avoca / etad / te / khattiye | so te khattiye etad avoca
They ask me the meaning | te / pucchanti / ma.m / attha.m | te ma.m attha.m pucchanti
He said this to us | so / avoca / etad / amhe | so amhe etad avoca
She said this to me | saa / avoca / etad / ma.m | saa ma.m etad avoca
I teach this doctrine | desemi / ima.m / dhamma.m | ima.m dhamma.m desemi
This is cessation (use ida.m) | aya.m / nirodho | aya.m nirodho
You are (emphatically) priests, O Vasetthas | tumhe / attha / kho / braahma.naa / Vaase.t.thaa | tumhe kho attha Vaase.t.thaa braahma.naa

# Exercise 6 (pp. 38-39)

## Pali into English

ehi tva.m purisa. yena Jotipaalo maa.navo ten' upasa.mkama. | go / you / man / towards / Jotipala / young Brahmin / that way / approach | You must go, my man. Approach the young Brahmin Jotipala.
Jotipaala.m maa.nava.m eva.m vadehi ... eva.m devaa ti ... | Jotipala / young Brahmin / thus / say ... / yes / lord / (end-quote) ... | Say this to the young Brahmin Jotipala ... "Yes, lord" ...
so puriso Jotipaala.m maa.nava.m etad avoca: | that / man / Jotipala / young Brahmin / this / said | That man said this to the young Brahmin Jotipala:
bhava.m atthu bhavanta.m Jotipaala.m maa.nava.m. | good fortune / may it be / his honor / Jotipala / young Brahmin | "May good fortune be upon his honor the young Brahmin Jotipala.
raajaa Disampatii bhavanata.m Jotipaala.m maa.nava.m aamanteti ... | king / Disampati / his honor / Jotipala / young Brahmin / calls | King Disampati calls his honor the young Brahmin Jotipala."
Jotipaalo maa.navo yena raajaa Disampatii ten' upasa.mkami. | Jotipala / young Brahmin / towards / King / Disampati / that way / approached | The young Brahmin Jotipala approached King Disampati.
Jotipaala.m maa.nava.m raajaa Disampatii etad avoca. | Jotipala / young Brahmin / King / Disampati / this / said | King Disampati said this to the young Brahmin Jotipala:
Anusaasatu bhava.m Jotipaalo maa.navo ... | may he advise / his honor / Jotipala / young Brahmin | "May his honor the young Brahmin Jotipala advise." ...
te atthe anusaasati. | on those / issues / he advised | He advised on those issues. [D.I.231-232 (not I.231-232 as per book) — xix.(Mahaagovinda).30-31]
gaccha tva.m Aananda | go / you / Ananda | You must go, Ananda. [D.II.104 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).3.6]
ida.m hara | this / take | Take this. [D.I.67 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).54]
etu bhagavaa | may he come / Blessed One | May the Blessed One come. [D.I.179 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).5]
aya.m sama.no Gotamo aagacchati | this / recluse / Gotama / comes | This recluse Gotama is coming. [D.I.179 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).4]
nibbe.thehi sace pahosi | explain / if / you can | Explain this if you can. [D.III.117 — xxix.(Paasaadika).1]
desetu sugato dhamma.m | may he preach / Blessed One / doctrine | May the Blessed One preach the doctrine. [D.II.38 — xiv.(Mahaapadaana).3.6]
pivattha khaadathaa ti | drink / eat / (end-quote) | "Drink, eat." [cf. D.II.147 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).5.19 and II.170 — xvii.(Mahaasudassana).1.3]
abhikkama mahaaraaja | go forward / your majesty | Go forward, your majesty. [D.I.50 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).10]
thuupa.m karonti | monument / they make | They make a monument. [D.II.142 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).5.11]
etha tumhe | go / you | You must go. [D.I.211 — xi.(Kevaddha).1]

## English into Pali

Let the fortunate one sit down | bhagavaa / nisiidatu | nisiidatu bhagavaa
Bring that! | aahara / idam | ida.m aahara
That man must come | so / puriso / etu | etu so puriso
Let the priest not trouble | braahma.no / ti.t.thatu | ti.t.thatu braahma.no
He makes an opportunity | karoti / okaasa.m | okaasa.m karoti
The king said this: "We must go" | raajaa / avoca / etad / maya.m / gacchaama / ti | raajaa etad avoca: maya.m gacchaamaa ti
I do not say this world doesn't exist | na / vadaami / aya.m / loko / na / atthi / ti | aya.m loko na n'atthii ti na vadaami
Give that up! | pajaha / ta.m | ta.m pajaha
Let not the honorable Govinda go forth | maa / bhava.m / Govindo / pabbaji | maa bhava.m Govindo pabbaji
Study! (plur.) | sajjhaaya.m / karotha | sajjhaaya.m karotha
Ask the fortunate one (about) this subject matter | pucchatha / bhagavanta.m / et.am / attha.m | bhagavanta.m et.am attha.m pucchatha
This conch makes a noise | aya.m / sa"nkho / karoti / sadda.m | aya.m sa"nkho sadda.m karoti

# Exercise 7 (pp. 43-44)

## Pali into English

iminaa maya.m nimmitaa | by him / we / created | We are created by him. [D.I.18 — i.(Brahmajaala).2.5]
maya.m brahmunaa nimmitaa | we / by Brahma / created | We have been created by Brahma. [D.I.18 — i.(Brahmajaala).2.5]
desito Aananda mayaa dhammo | preached / Ananda / by me / doctrine | Ananda, the doctrine has been preached by me. [D.II.100 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).2.25]
iminaa tva.m purisa dhanena jiivaahi | by this / you / man / wealth / live | Live on this wealth, my man. [D.III.66 — xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Siihanaada).11]
vimutto tathaagato | freed / Tathagata | The Tathagata has been freed. [D.I.29 — i.(Brahmajaala).2.34]
te ca me eva.m pu.t.thaa aamaa ti vadanti | they / and / by me / thus / asked / yes / (end-quote) / they say | And having been asked thus by me, they say "Yes." [cf.D.III.28 — xxiv.(Paa.tika).2.14]
ida.m aasana.m pa~n~natta.m | this / seat / prepared | This seat has been prepared. [D.III.39 — xxv.(Udumbarika-Siihanaada).7]
ete manussaa geha.m pavisanti | these / men / house / enter | These men enter the house. [D.I.83 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).96]
niggahiito 'si | refuted / you are | You are refuted. [D.III.117 — xxix.(Paasaadika).1]
kilanto 'smi | tired / I am | I am tired. [~D.II.128 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).4.22]
daana.m detha | alms / give | Give alms. [D.II.357 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).33]

## English into Pali

They experience happiness | te / pa.tisa.mvedenti / sukha.m | te sukha.m pa.tisa.mvedenti [cf.D.I.75 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).79]
The doctrine has been declared by me | dhammo / pa~n~natto / mayaa | mayaa dhammo pa~n~natto [D.II.154 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).6.1]
The wanderer is (hoti) contented | paribbaajako / hoti / santu.t.tho | paribbaajako santu.t.tho hoti [cf.D.I.71 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).66]
Death is misery | marana.m / dukkha.m | marana.m dukkha.m [D.II.305 — xxii.(Mahaasatipa.t.thaana).18]
I have heard this | me / suta.m / eva.m | eva.m me suta.m [D.I.127 (not I.128 as per book) — v.(Kuu.tadanta).1]
I did the work | me / kata.m / kamma.m | kamma.m me kata.m [D.III.257 — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).3.1(v)]
He gives a donation | deti / daana.m | daana.m deti [D.III.258 — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).3.1(vi)]
The body is tired | kaayo / kilanto | kaayo kilanto [D.III.255 — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).3.1(iv)]

# Exercise 8 (pp. 50-51)

## Pali into English

aha.m tena samayena raajaa Mahaasudassano ahosi.m | I / at that time / king / Mahasudassana / was | At that time I was the king Mahasudassana. [D.II.196 — xvii.(Mahaasudassana).2.14]
daanena n'atthi pu~n~na.m | by giving / not / there is / merit | There is no merit in giving. [D.I.53 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).17]
te'ha.m upasa.mkamitvaa eva.m vadaami | them / I / having approached / thus / I say | When I approach them, I say thus. [D.III.28 — xxiv.(Paa.tika).2.14]
ma.m abhivaadetvaa pakkaami | me / having bid farewell / he left | He bade me farewell and left. [cf. D.I.222 — xi.(Kevaddha).84]
disvaa eva.m avocumha | having seen / thus / we said | After seeing we said thus. [D.III.39-40 — xxv.(Udumbarika-Siihanaada).7]
di.t.thaa bho satta jiivasi | excellent / honorable / being / you live | Excellent, honorable being, you're alive! [D.III.73 — xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Siihanaada).21]
jaya.m vera.m pasavati | victory / enmity / generates | Victory generates enmity. [D.III.183 — xxxi.(Sigaalaka).11]
braahma.no brahmunaa manteti | Brahmin / Brahma / consults | The Brahmin consults Brahma. [D.II.237 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).39]
eva.m bho ti | thus / sir | "Yes, sir." [D.I.236 — xiii.(Tevijja).7]
handa vata bho gacchaama | well / indeed / sir / let us go | Well indeed, sir, let's go. [D.III.16 — xxiv.(Paa.tika).1.19]
kaala.m karonto avoca | time / making[1] / he said | Dying, he said. [D.III.181 — xxxi.(Sigaalaka).2]
raajaa samaano ida.m labhati | king / being / this / he receives | Being a king he receives this. [D.III.146 — xxx.(Lakkha.na).1.5]
jhaana.m jhaayati | absorption / he meditates | He meditates on this absorption. [D.II.238 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).41]
maya.m bhagavanta.m sarana.m gacchaama, dhamma~n ca | we / (to) Blessed One / (as) refuge / we go / (to) Dhamma / and | We go to the Blessed One for refuge, and to the Dhamma. [D.II.43 — xiv.(Mahaapadaana).3.16]
jiivita.m demi | life / I give | I give life. [D.I.148 — v.(Kuu.tadanta).28]
| 1 kala.m karonto = dying |

## English into Pali

They enter by this gate | pavisanti / iminaa / dvaarena | iminaa dvaarena pavisanti [D.II.83 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).1.17]
The king, having greeted the fortunate one, sat down | raajaa / abhivaadetvaa / bhagavanta.m / nisiidi | raajaa bhagavanta.m abhivaadetvaa nisiidi [D.I.50-1 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).11]
Having approached (and) greeted the fortunate one, they sat down | upasa.mkamitvaa / abhivaadetvaa / bhagavanta.m / nisiidi.msu | bhagavanta.m upasa.mkamitvaa abhivaadetvaa nisiidi.msu [D.II.84 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).1.18]
Having approached them I ask these questions | upasa.mkamitvaa / te / pucchaami / ime / pa~nhe | te upasa.mkamitvaa ime pa~nhe pucchaami [D.I.284 — xxi.(Sakkapa~nha).2.7]
Having dressed, taking a bowl I entered the village | nivaasetvaa / aadaaya / patta.m / aha.m / paavisi.m / gaama.m | aha.m nivaasetvaa patta.m aadaaya gaama.m paavisi.m [D.III.6 — xxiv.(Paa.tika).1.7]
Gentlemen! Do not say thus | bhonto / maa / avocuttha / eva.m | maa bhonto eva.m avocuttha [D.I.122 — iv.(So.nada.n.da).19]
The honorable Jotipala went forth | bhava.m / Jotipaalo / pabbaji | bhava.m Jotipaalo pabbaji [D.II.249 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).58]
(As he is) going he sees | gaccha.m / passati | gaccha.m passati [cf. D.III.126-7 (passa.m passati)- xxix.(Paasaadika).16]
I do not take counsel with God | aha.m / na / mantemi / brahmunaa | na'ha.m brahmunaa mantemi [D.II.237 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).39]
He entered the house | paavisi / geha.m | geha.m paavisi [cf. D.II.85 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).1.22]
He gives a drink | deti / paana.m | paana.m deti [cf.D.III.258 (daana.m deti) — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).3.4]
I do not get food | aha.m / na / labhaami / bhojana.m | n' aha.m bhojana.m labhaami [cf.D.III.255-6 — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).3.1(iv)]
He sees the garment | passati / vattha.m | vattha.m passati [cf. D.II.110 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).3.25]
He is (hoti) satisfied with the resting place | so / hoti / santu.t.tho / senaasanena | so senaasanena santu.t.tho hoti [D.III.225 — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).1.11(ix)]
Living beings experience unhappiness | bhuutaa / pa.tisa.mvedenti / dukkha.m | bhuutaa dukkha.m pa.tisa.mvedenti [D.I.53 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).20]
The lay disciples come to the place | upaasakaa / (tena) upasa.mkamanti / yena / padeso | upaasakaa yena padeso ten' upasa.mkamanti [cf. D.II.84, 87 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).1.20,26 and II.198 — xvii.(Mahaasudassana).2.17]

# Exercise 9 (pp. 53-54)

## Pali into English

kaayaa haayanti | bodies / are abandoned | Bodies are abandoned. [D.II.221 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).2]
aya.m kho saa braahma.na pa~n~naa | this / indeed / that / Brahmin / wisdom | Indeed, Brahmin, this is that wisdom. [D.I.124 — iv.(So.nada.n.da).23]
esaa ta.nhaa pahiiyati | this / craving / is abandoned | This craving is abandoned. [D.II.310 — xxii.(Mahaasatipa.t.thaana).20]
bhojana.m diiyati | food / is given | Food is given. [D.II.354 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).32]
sacca.m Nigrodha bhaasitaa te esaa vaacaa (interrogative) | is it true / Nigrodha / uttered / by you / this / speech | Is it true, Nigrodha, that this speech was uttered by you? [D.III.53 — xxv.(Udumbarika-Siihanaada).21]
sacca.m bhante bhaasitaa me esaa vaacaa (affirmative reply) | it is true / lord / uttered / by me / this / speech | It is true, lord, this speech was uttered by me. [D.III.54 — xxv.(Udumbarika-Siihanaada).21]
ida.m vuccati cittan ti vaa vi~n~naa.nan ti vaa | this / is called / mind / (end-quote) / consciousness / (end-quote) / or | This is called "mind" or "consciousness." [D.I.21 — i.(Brahmajaala).2.13]
taa devataa ma.m etad avocu.m | those / deities / me / thus / said | Those deities said this to me. [D.II.51 — xiv.(Mahaapadaana).3.30]
atthi kho bho Ma.nikaa naama vijjaa | there is / indeed / sir / Manika / called / science | Indeed, sir, there is a science called "Manika." [D.I.214 — xi.(Kevaddha).7]
sa~n~naa ca vedanaa ca niruddhaa honti | perceptions / and / sensations / and / ceased / they are | Perceptions and sensations have ceased. [D.III.266 — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).3.2(vi)]
Sujaataa naama bhante upaasikaa kaalakataa | Sujata / named / Venerable sir / lay devotee (female) / died | Venerable sir, the lay devotee Sujata has died. [D.II.92 (not II.93 as per book) — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).2.6]
eva.m pi kho Sunakkhatto mayaa vuccamaano apakkami | thus / and / indeed / Sunakkhatta / by me / being said / withdrew | And so Sunakkhatta, at my words, withdrew. [D.III.6 — xxiv.(Paa.tika).1.6]
sama.no Gotamo ima.m parisa.m aagacchati | wanderer / Gotama / (to) this / assembly / comes | The wanderer Gotama comes to this assembly. [cf. D.I.179 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).4 and D.III.38 — xxv.(Udumbarika-Siihanaada).5]

## English into Pali

These phenomena are abandoned | ete / dhammaa / pahiiyanti | ete dhammaa pahiiyanti [D.I.195 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).40]
Goats are killed | ajaa / ha~n~nanti | ajaa ha~n~nanti [D.II.352 (aje.lakaa ha~n~nanti) — xxiii.(Paayaasi).31]
The priest is seen | braahma.no / dissati | braahma.no dissati [cf.D.III.81 — xxvii.4
Ignorance is given up | avijjaa / pahiiyati | avijjaa pahiiyati [D.II.215 — xviii.(Janavasabha).25]
He is called an ascetic | so / vuccati / sama.no | so sama.no vuccati [D.I.167 — viii.(Mahaasiihanaada).15]
This is called misery | ida.m / vuccati / dukkha.m | ida.m vuccati dukkha.m [D.II.307 — xxii.(Mahaasatipa.t.thaana).18]
Taking a garland they went to the hall | aadaaya / maala.m / (tena) upasa.mkamimsu / yena / salaa | maala.m aadaaya yena salaa ten' upasa.mkamimsu [cf. D.II.265 — xxi.(Sakkapa~nha).1.4]

# Exercise 10 (pp. 59-60)

## Pali into English

na cira.m tathaagatassa parinibbaana.m bhavissati | not / a long time / of the Tathagata / the passing away / will be | The passing away of the Tathagata will not be long. [D.II.114 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).3.37]
imassa jayo bhavissati | for this one / victory / there will be | There will be victory for this one. [D.I.10 — i.(Brahmajaala).1.23]
braahma.naa brahmuno puttaa | Brahmins / of Brahma / sons | The Brahmins are sons of Brahma. [D.III.81 — xxvii.(Agga~n~na).3]
dukkhass' anta.m karissanti | of suffering / end / they will make | They will make an end of suffering. [D.I.54 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).20]
aaropito te vaado | disproved / of you / the statement | Your statement has been disproved. [D.I.8 — i.(Brahmajaala).1.18]
aya.m imassa bhaasitassa attho | this / of this / speech / the meaning | This is the meaning of this speech. [D.I.137 — v.(Kuu.tadanta).13]
maa me purato a.t.thaasi | do not / of me / in front / stand | Do not stand in front of me. [D.II.139 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).5.4]
so ma.m pa~nhena, aha.m veyyaakara.nena sobhissaami | he / me / by the question / I / with an explanation / I will make clear | By him questioning me, and my explaining, I will make it clear. [D.I.105 — iii.(Amba.t.tha).2.10]
tena kho pana samayena Aanando bhagavato pi.t.thito .thito hoti bhagavanta.m viijamaano | at that / indeed / but / time / Ananda / the Blessed One / behind / standing / is / the Blessed One / fanning | But at that time Ananda was standing behind the Blessed One fanning him. [D.II.73 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).1.4]
kamma.m kho pana me karontassa kaayo kilamissati | action / indeed / but / of me / of doing / the body / will tire | Moreover, while doing this action my body will tire. [D.III.255 — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).3.1.(iv)]
tassa ratanaani bhavanti | his / gems / they are | They are his gems. [D.II.16 — xiv.(Mahaapadaana).1.31]

## English into Pali

These people will have sons | imesa.m / manussaana.m / bhavissanti / puttaa | imesa.m manussaana.m puttaa bhavissanti [D.III.71 — xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Siihanaada).19]
I am his slave | aha.m / amhi / tassa / daaso | aha.m tassa daaso amhi [D.I.60 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).35]
There will be danger | bhavissati / bhaya.m | bhaya.m bhavissati [D.I.69 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).60]
He will teach the doctrine | desessati / dhamma.m | dhamma.m desessati (desissati) [D.III.76 — xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Siihanaada).25]
I will be an ascetic | bhavissaami / sama.no | sama.no bhavissaami [D.III.95 — xxvii.(Agga~n~na).26]
The priest has a son | braahma.nassa / atthi / putto | atthi braahma.nassa putto [D.II.231 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).29]
They wrap the king's body in a garment | ve.thenti / ra~n~no / sariira.m / vatthena | ra~n~no sariira.m vatthena ve.thenti [D.II.141 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).5.11]
This is the pagoda of that fortunate one | aya.m / hoti / thuupo / imassa / bhagavato | aya.m imassa bhagavato thuupo hoti [~D.II.142 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).5.11]
We deserve a share of the relics of the fortunate one | maya.m / arahaama / bhaaga.m / sariiraana.m / bhagavato | maya.m bhagavato sariiraana.m bhaaga.m arahaama [D.II.164-165.xvi.6.24]

# Exercise 11 (pp. 66-67)

## Pali into English

na kho aha.m aavuso addasa.m | not / indeed / I / friend / saw | Indeed, friend, I did not see. [D.I.130 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).4.26]
aya.m tathaagatassa pacchimaa vaacaa | this / of the Tathagata / last / saying | This is the last utterance of the Tathagata. [D.II.156 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).6.7]
paamujja.m bhavissati, sukho ca vihaaro | joy / will be / happiness / and / abiding | There will be joy and a happy abiding. [D.I.196 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).40]
addasaa kho bhagavaa taa devataayo | he saw / indeed / the Blessed One / those / deities | Truly the Blessed One saw those deities. [D.II.87 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).1.27]
iminaa kho eva.m bho pariyaayena Jotipaalassa maa.navassa Mahaagovindo ti sama~n~naa udapaadi | by this / indeed / thus / sir / course / of Jotipala / young Brahmin / Mahagovinda / [end-quote] / agreed name / arose | Thus, in this way Mahagovinda ("Great Steward") arose as the agreed name of the young Brahmin Jotipala. [D.II.232 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).31]
sassato loko | eternal / world | The world is eternal. [D.I.187 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).25]
so gacchati dakkhi.na.m disa.m | he / goes / southern / direction | He is going in the southern direction. [D.I.222 — xi.(Kevaddha).85]
kusalan ti pi na bhavissati, kuto pana kusalassa kaarako | good / [end-quote] / also / not / will be / whence / but / of good / doer | There is not even the concept "good," let alone a doer of good. [D.III.71 — xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Siihanaada).19]
aha.m kho magga.m agamaasi.m | I / indeed / path / went | Indeed I went on that path. [D.III.255 — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).3.1(iv)]
kalyaana.m vuccati braahma.na | beautifully / it is said / brahmin | Beautifully said, Brahmin. [D.I.110 — iii.(Amba.t.tha).2.22]
atha kho raajaa Mahaasudassano vaamena hatthena bhi"nkaara.m gahetvaa dakkhi.nena hatthena cakkaratana.m abbhukkiri | then / indeed / king / Mahasudassana / with the left / hand / ceremonial water vessel / having taken / with the right / hand / wheel-gem / sprinkled | Then King Mahasudassana took the ceremonial water vessel in his left hand and sprinkled the wheel-gem with his right hand. [D.II.172 — xvii.(Mahaasudassana).1.8]
ida.m kusala.m | this / good | This is good. [D.II.222 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).7]
aya.m Jambudiipo iddho c'eva bhavissati phiito ca | this / India / powerful / and / surely / will be / prosperous / and | Thus this India will surely be powerful and prosperous. [~D.III.75 — xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Siihanaada).23]
micchaa pa.ti panno tva.m asi, aha.m asmi sammaa pa.tipanno | wrongly / practicing / you / are / I / am / rightly / practicing | You are practicing incorrectly, I am practicing correctly. [D.III.117 — xxix.(Paasaadika).1]
so tato cuto idhu,upapanno | he / from there / fallen / here, reborn | He has fallen from there and was reborn here. [D.I.81 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).93]
addasaa paribbaajako bhagavanta.m aagacchanta.m | saw / the wanderer / the Blessed One / coming | The wanderer saw the Blessed One coming. [D.I.179 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).4]
sa~n~naa uppajjanti pi nirujjhanti pi | perceptions / arise / and / cease / and | Perceptions arise and pass away. [D.I.180 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).6]
bhagavato aabaadho uppajji | to the Blessed One / illness / arose | Illness arose in the Blessed One. [D.II.127 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).4.20]
sa.mvara.m aapajjati | restraint / he acquires | He practices restraint. [D.I.85 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).100]
aha.m kho kamma.m akaasi.m. kamma.m kho pana me karontassa kaayo kilanto, handa,aha.m nipajjaami | I / indeed / work / did / work / indeed / but / of me / of the doing / body / tired / then, I / lie down | I worked. But truly while doing this work my body tired, so I am lying down. [D.III.255 — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).3.1.(iv)]
ima.m maya.m addasaama idha upapanna.m | this / we / we saw / here / arisen | We saw this arisen here. [D.I.18 — i.(Brahmajaala).2.5]

## English into Pali

The universe is infinite | loko / ananto | ananto loko [D.I.188 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).25]
This is not easy | ida.m / na / sukara.m | na ida.m sukara.m [D.I.63 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).41]
I followed the road | aha.m / pa.tipajji.m / magga.m | aha.m magga.m pa.tipajji.m [D.III.255 — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).3.1.(iv)]
The king saw the boy | raajaa / addasaa / kumaara.m | raajaa kumaara.m addasaa [D.II.16 — xiv.(Mahaapadaana).1.31]
The city was prosperous | nagara.m / ahosi / phiita.m | nagara.m phiita.m ahosi [cf. D.II.146 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).5.18, I.211 — xi.(Kevaddha).1]
He is fixed, permanent, eternal | so / dhuvo / nicco / sassato | so dhuvo nicco sassato [D.I.18 — i.(Brahmajaala).2.6]
We saw the fortunate one | maya.m / addasaama / bhagavanta.m | maya.m bhagavanta.m addasaama [D.III.39 — xxv.(Udumbarika-Siihanaada).7]
The speech is agreeable | vaacaa / kantaa | vaacaa kantaa [D.III.173 — xxx.(Lakkha.na).2.22]
My life was given by him, his life was given by me | mama / jiivita.m / dinna.m / tena / tassa / jiivita.m / dinna.m / mayaa | mama jiivita.m tena dinna.m, tassa jiivita.m mayaa dinna.m [cf. D.I.148 — v.(Kuu.tadanta).28]
See! Ananda — They are past, ended, changed | passa / Aananda / te / atiitaa / niruddhaa / pari.nataa | pass' Aananda te atiitaa niruddhaa pari.nataa [D.II.198 — xvii.(Mahaasudassana).2.16]
He has much gold | tassa / hoti / pahuuta.m / suvanna.m | tassa pahuuta.m suva.n.na.m hoti [cf. D.II.351 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).29 and III.163 — xxx.(Lakkha.na).2.2]

# Exercise 12 (pp. 75-76)

## Passage for Reading

Bhuutapubba.m a~n~nataro sa"nkhadhamo sa"nkha.m aadaaya paccantima.m janapada.m agamaasi. | in the past / a certain / conchblower / conch / having taken / neighboring / country / went | In the past, a certain conchblower took his conch and went to a neighboring country.
so yen' a~n~nataro gaamo ten' upasa"nkami. | he / towards / a certain / village / there / he approached | There he approached a particular village,
upasa"nkamitvaa sa"nkha.m upalaasitvaa | having approached / conch / having sounded | and drawing near, he sounded his conch,
sa"nkha.m nikkhipitvaa nisiidi. | conch / having put down / he sat down | put it on the ground and then sat down.
atha kho tesa.m paccantajanaana.m manussaana.m etad ahosi: | then / indeed / to those / foreign / people / this / occurred | Then those foreign people thought to themselves:
kissa nu kho eso saddo eva.m rajaniiyo eva.m kamaniiyo eva.m madaniiyo | of what / is it / indeed / this / sound / thus / exciting / thus / lovely / thus / intoxicating | "Indeed, what is this sound that is so exciting, so lovely, and so intoxicating?"
sannipatitvaa ta.m sa"nkhadhama.m etad avocu.m: | having assembled / that / conchblower / this / they said | They assembled and then said to that conchblower:
ambho kissa nu kho eso saddo eva.m rajaniiyo eva.m kamaniiyo eva.m madaniiyo ti. | hey you! / of what / is it / indeed / this / sound / thus / exciting / thus / lovely thus / lovely / (end-quote) | "Hey you! What is this sound that is so exciting, so lovely, and so intoxicating?"
eso kho, bho, sa"nkho naama yass' eso saddo eva.m rajaniiyo eva.m kamaniiyo eva.m madaniiyo ti. | this / indeed / sir / conch / named / of which / this / sound / thus / exciting / thus / lovely / thus / intoxicating / (end-quote) | "This, friends, the sound of which is so exciting, so lovely, and so intoxicating, is called a conch." [D.II.337 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).19]

## Pali into English

yen' ajja sama.no Gotamo dvaarena nikkhamissati ta.m Gotamadvaara.m naama bhavissati | by which / today / wanderer / Gotama / by the gate / he will leave / that / Gotama gate / named / it will be | The gate through which the wanderer Gotama will leave today will be called the Gotama Gate. [D.II.89 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).1.32]
vatthaani pi 'ssa na yathaa a~n~nesa.m | clothes / and / of him / not / as / of others | And his clothes are not like those of others. [D.II.28 — xiv.(Mahaapadaana).2.14]
imassa ko attho | of this / what / meaning | What is the meaning of this? [D.III.285 — xxxiv.(Dasuttara).2.1(i)]
maya.m ya.m icchissaama ta.m karissaama | we / which / we will want / that / we will do | We will do what we want. [D.II.162 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).6.20]
kissa nu kho me ida.m kammassa phala.m, kissa kammassa vipaako | of what / is it / indeed / my / this / of the action / fruit / of what / of the action / result | Of what action of mine is this the fruit, of what action the result? [D.II.185 — xvii.(Mahaasudassana).2.1]
ta.m ki.m ma~n~nanti bhonto devaa | this / what / they think / honorable / gods | What do the honorable gods think of this? [D.II.216 — xviii.(Janavasabha).26]
n' atthi paro loko | not / there is / other / world | There is no other world. [D.I.55 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).23]
ko 'si tva.m aavuso | who / you are / you / friend | Who are you, friend? [D.II.356 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).33]
ki.m kusala.m ki.m akusala.m | what / wholesome / what / unwholesome | What is wholesome, what is unwholesome? [D.III.61 — xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Siihanaada).5]
ke tumhe | who / you (pl.) | Who are you? [D.III.84 — xxvii.(Agga~n~na).9]
raajaa samaano ki.m labhati | king / being / what / he receives | Being king what does he receive? [D.III.146 — xxx.(Lakkha.na).1.5]
iminaa me upasamena Udaayibhaddo kumaaro samannaagato hotu | with this / my / with calm / Udaayibhadda / prince / endowed / may he be | May my Prince Udayibhadda be endowed with this calm. [D.I.50 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).12]
puccha mahaaraaja yad aaka"nkhasi | ask / great king / what / you wish | Ask what you wish, your majesty. [D.I.51 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).13]
karoti te bhagavaa okaasa.m | he makes / for you / Blessed One / opportunity | The Blessed One gives you permission. [D.II.150 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).5.25]
ya.m kho 'ssa na kkhamati ta.m pajahati | which / indeed / to him / not / it pleases / that / he abandons | Truly he abandons that which does not please him. [D.III.43 — xxv.(Udumbarika-Siihanaada).10]

## English into Pali

He gave to me | adaasi / mama | mama adaasi [D.III.258 (adaasi me) — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).3.1(vi)]
Prince Udayibhadda (is) dear to me | kumaaro / Udaayibhaddo / piyo / me | Udaayibhaddo kumaaro me piyo [D.I.50 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).12]
The fortunate one, taking a bowl, entered the village for alms | bhagavaa / aadaaya / patta.m / paavisi / gama.m / pi.n.daaya | bhagavaa patta.m aadaaya gama.m pi.n.daaya paavisi [cf.D.I.178 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).2 and D.II.85 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).1.22]
He teaches the doctrine for "extinction" | deseti / dhamma.m / nibbaanaaya | nibbaanaaya dhamma.m deseti [cf.D.III.55 — xxv.(Udumbarika-Siihanaada).21]
He eats what he likes | bhu~njati / (ta.m) ya.m / khamati | ya.m khamati ta.m bhu~njati [D.III.43 — xxv.(Udumbarika-Siihanaada).10]
Then (atha) the gate by which the fortunate one left was named Gotama Gate | atha / (kho) / dvaarena / yena / bhagavaa / nikkhami / (ta.m) / ahosi / naama / Gotamadvaara.m | atha kho yena dvaarena bhagavaa nikkhami ta.m Gotamadvaara.m naama ahosi [D.II.89 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).1.32]
What do you think, then, great king? | ki.m / ma~n~nasi / ta.m / mahaaraaja | ta.m ki.m ma~n~nasi mahaaraaja [D.I.60 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).35]
We have come here to see the honorable Gotama | maya.m / upasa.mkantaa / idha / dassanaaya / bhavanta.m / Gotama.m | maya.m bhavanta.m Gotama.m dassanaaya idh' upasa.mkantaa [D.I.89 — iii.(Amba.t.tha).1.7]
Did you hear a noise, sir? I didn't hear a noise, sir! | ki.m / assosi / sadda.m / bho / aha.m / na / assosi.m / sadda.m / bho | ki.m bho sadda.m assosi. na bho aha.m sadda.m assosi.m [D.II.130 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).4.27]
We do not see his soul leaving | maya.m / na / passaama / assa / jiiva.m / nikkhamanta.m | na maya.m assa jiiva.m nikkhamanta.m passaama [D.II.333 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).14]

# Exercise 13 (pp. 84-85)

## Passage for Reading

Te ta.m sa"nkha.m uttaana.m nipaatesu.m: vadehi, bho sa"nkha, vadehi, bho sa"nkhaa 'ti. | they / this / conch / lying down / they put down / speak / sir / conch / speak / sir / conch / (end-quote) | They laid the conch down on its back: "Speak, sir conch, speak!".
n' eva so sa"nkho saddam akaasi. | not / even / this / conch / sound / made | But the conch made no sound at all.
te ta.m sa"nkha.m passena nipaatesu.m ... uddha.m .thapesu.m ... | they / this / conch / on its side / they put down / ... / up / they made stand | They laid the conch on its side ... they stood it up ...
da.n.dena aako.tesu.m ... sandhuni.msu: | with a stick / they struck / ... / they shook | they struck it with a stick ... they shook it:
vadehi, bho sa"nkha, vadehi, bho sa"nkhaa 'ti. | speak / sir / conch / speak / sir / conch / (end-quote) | "Speak, sir conch, speak!"
n' eva so sa"nkho saddam akaasi. | not / even / this / conch / sound / made | But the conch made no sound.
atha kho tassa sa"nkhadhamassa etad ahosi: | then / indeed / to this / conch blower / this / occurred | Then the conch blower thought to himself:
yaava baalaa ime paccantajaa manussaa. | to what extent / fools / these / foreign / people | "What fools these foreign people are!
katha.m hi naama ayoniso sa"nkha,sadda.m gavesissantii ti. | why / indeed / then / unmethodically / conch, sound / they look for / (end-quote) | Why do they look for the conch sound so unmethodically?"
tesa.m pekkhamaanaana.m sa"nkha.m gahetvaa tikkhattu.m sa"nkha.m upalaasitvaa sa"nkha.m aadaaya pakkaami. | of these / looking on / conch / having picked up / three times / conch / having played / conch / having taken / he departed | While they were looking on, he picked up the conch, blew it three times, took the conch, and departed. [D.II.337-8 (not II.357-8 as per book) — xxiii.(Paayaasi).19]

## Pali into English

braahma.no mante vacesi | Brahmin / mantras / recited | The Brahmin recited the mantras. [D.II.236 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).37]
so ta.m citta.m bhaaveti | he / that / thought / develops | He develops that thought. [D.III.259 — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).3.1(vii)]
na ta.m deva paccatthikaana.m demi | not / you / Lord / to enemies / I give | Lord, I do not give you up to your enemies. [D.I.50 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).10]
aya.m dukkha-samudayo | this / of suffering-origin | This is the origin of suffering. [D.I.84 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).98]
raajaa kumaarassa paasaade kaaraapesi | king / for the prince / palaces / he has built | The king has palaces built for the prince. [D.II.21 — xiv.(Mahaapadaana).1.38]
so iminaa ca ariyena siila-kkhandhena sammanaagato iminaa ariyena indriya-sa.mvarena sammanaagato . . . vivitta.m senaasana.m bhajati: ara~n~na.m, rukkhamuula.m, pabbata.m . . . abbhokaasa.m palaala-pu~nja.m | he / with this / and / noble / of virtue-mass / endowed / with this / noble / of faculty-restraint / endowed / . . . / isolated / resting place / he resorts to / forest / foot of a tree / mountain / . . . / open air / of straw-heap | Endowed with this noble mass of virtue and with restraint of the faculties ... he resorts to an isolated resting place: a forest, the foot of a tree, a mountain ... a heap of straw in the open air. [D.I.71 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).67]
idha tathaagatena anuttara.m dhamma-cakka.m pavattita.m | here / by the Buddha / unsurpassed / of Damma-wheel / set in motion | Here the unsurpassed wheel of Dhamma has been set in motion by the Buddha. [D.II.140 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).5.8]
ida.m paniita.m | this / excellent | This is excellent. [D.II.223 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).7]
ye maala.m aaropessanti, tesa.m ta.m bhavissati sukhaaya | those who / garland / they will put on top of / for them / this / will be / for happiness | Whoever will lay on a garland will reap happiness. [D.II.161 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).6.17]
tva.m pana samma Jiivaka ki.m tu.nhi | you / but / dear / Jivaka / why / silent | But, dear Jivaka, why are you silent? [D.I.49 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).8]
kacci ma.m samma Jiivaka na paccatthikaana.m desi | perhaps? / me / dear / Jivaka / not / to enemies / you give | Are you not, my dear Jivaka, giving me up to my enemies? [D.I.50 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).10]

## English into Pali

This is the cessation of unhappiness | aya.m / dukkha-nirodho | aya.m dukkhanirodho [D.I.84 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).98]
(It is) now the time for extinction of the fortunate one | daani / parinibbaana-kaalo / bhagavato | parinibbaanakaalo daani bhagavato [D.II.112 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).3.34]
Cunda the son of a smith, having had delicious dishes prepared, had the time announced to the fortunate one: "(It is) time, sir, the meal is ready." | Cundo / kammaara-putto / pa.niita.m / khaadaniya.m / pa.tiyaadaapetvaa / kaala.m / aarocaapesi / bhagavato / kaalo / bhante / bhatta.m / ni.t.thita.m / (ti) | Cundo kammaaraputto pa.niita.m khaadaniya.m pa.tiyaadaapetvaa bhagavato kaala.m aarocaapesi: kaalo bhante ni.t.thita.m bhattan ti [D.II.127 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).4.17]
The lion, king of the beasts, went out | siiho / miga,raajaa / nikkhami | siiho migaraajaa nikkhami [D.III.23 — xxiv.(Paa.tika).2.6]
There are other profound, delightful, doctrines which the "thus-gone" makes known | atthi / a~n~ne / gambhiiraa / pa.niitaa / dhammaa / ye / tathaagato / pavedeti | atthi a~n~ne dhammaa gambhiiraa pa.niitaa ye tathaagato pavedeti [D.I.12 — i.(Brahmajaala).1.28]
He develops that thought | bhaaveti / ta.m / citta.m | ta.m citta.m bhaaveti [D.III.259 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).3.1(vii)]
The king, having had the priests invited, said this: "Let the priests see the boy" | raajaa / braahma.ne / aamantaapetvaa / avoca / etad / braahma.naa / passantu / kumaara.m / (ti) | raajaa braahma.ne aamantaapetvaa etad avoca: braahma.naa kumaara.m passantuu ti [D.II.16 — xiv.(Mahaapadaana).1.31]
The king, having made the boy sit down, instructs (him) | raajaa / kumaara.m / nisiidaapetvaa / anusaasati | raajaa kumaara.m nisiidaapetvaa anusaasati [D.II.20-21 — xiv.(Mahaapadaana).1.37]
The priest had a new house built to the east of the city | braahma.no / nava.m / geha.m / kaaraapesi / puratthimena / nagarassa | braahma.no nagarassa puratthimena nava.m geha.m kaaraapesi [D.II.239 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).43]
Recite the prayers! (plural) | vaacetha / mante | mante vaacetha [D.II.238 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).41]
I set free the goats | aha.m / mu~ncaapemi / aje | aha.m aje mu~ncaapemi [D.I.147-148 — v.(Kuu.tadanta).28]

# Exercise 14 (pp. 94-95)

## Passage for Reading

bhuutapubba.m a~n~nataro janapado vu.t.thaasi. | in the past / a certain / district / emigrated | In the past the people of a certain district emigrated.
atha kho sahaayako sahaayaka.m aamantesi: aayaama samma. | then / indeed / friend / friend / addressed / let us go / my dear | Then one friend said to another: "Let's go, my dear.
yena so janapado ten' upasa.mkamissaama. | towards / that / district / there / let us approach | Let's go to that district.
app eva naam' ettha ki~nci dhana.m adhigaccheyyaamaa ti. | perhaps / thus / indeed / in this case / whatever / wealth / we could acquire / (end-quote) | Perhaps we could acquire some riches in this case."
eva.m sammaa'ti kho sahaayako sahaayakassa paccassosi. | yes / my dear / (end-quote) / friend / to the friend / assented | "Yes, my dear," assented this friend to the other.
te yena so janapado yen' a~n~natara.m gaama-pada.m ten' upasa"nkami.msu. | they / towards / district / towards / a certain / village-street / there / they approached | They went to a certain village street in this district.
Tatth' addasa.msu pahuuta.m saa.na.m cha.d.dita.m. | there / they saw / much / hemp / abandoned | There they saw a large amount of abandoned hemp.
disvaa sahaayako sahaayaka.m aamantesi: | having seen / friend / friend / addressed | When they saw this, one friend said to the other:
ida.m kho samma pahuuta.m saa.na.m cha.d.dita.m. | this / indeed / my dear / much / hemp / abandoned | "Indeed, my dear, this is a large amount of abandoned hemp.
tena hi samma tva~n ca saa.na-bhaara.m bandha, aha~n ca saa.na-bhaara.m bandhissaami. | now / my dear / you / and / hemp-load / bind / I / and / hemp-load / bind | Now bind a load of hemp, my dear, and I will bind another.
ubho saa.na-bhaara.m aadaaya gamissaamaa ti. | both / hemp-load / taking / we will go / (end-quote) | And taking both loads of hemp, we will go."
eva.m sammaa ti kho sahaayako sahaayakassa pa.tissutvaa saa.na-bhaara.m bandhi. | yes / my dear / (end-quote) / friend / to the friend / having replied / hemp-load / he bound | "Yes, my dear," the friend replied to the other and he bound a load of hemp. [D.II.349-350 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).29]

## Pali into English

puccheyyaam' aha.m bhante ka~n cid eva desa.m | I would ask / I / reverend sir / which / ever / thus / topic | I would ask you, reverend sir, about any topic whatever. [D.I.51 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).13]
devaa tamhaa kaayaa cavanti | gods / from that / body (place) / fall | Gods fall from that place. [D.I.20 — i.(Brahmajaala).2.10]
upaadaana-paccayaa bhavo | from the clinging-condition / becoming | With clinging as condition there is becoming. [D.II.56 — xv.2]
yan nuuna maya.m kusala.m kareyyaama | what / is it not / we / good / would do | What if we were to do good? [D.III.73 — xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Siihanaada).21]
na hi bhagavaa eva.m vadeyya | not / indeed / Blessed One / thus / would say | The blessed would surely not say such a thing. [D.III.249 — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).2.2(xvii)]
na daan' ime imamhaa aabaadhaa vu.t.thahissanti | not / now / these / from this / illness / they would arise | These ones will not now recover from this illness. [D.II.320 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).6]
te kaalena kaala.m upsa.mkamitvaa paripuccheyyaasi | them / by time / time / having approached / you should ask advice | From time to time you should approach them and ask advice. [D.III.61 — xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Siihanaada).5]
tassa evam assa: aha.m kho pubbe daaso ahosi.m. so 'mhi etarahi tamhaa daasavyaa mutto | of him / thus / it might be / I / indeed / before / slave / I was / I (emphatic) / am / at present / from that / slavery / freed | He might think: "Before I was a slave, but now I am freed from that slavery." [D.I.72 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).72]
yattha pan' aavuso sabbaso vedayita.m n' atthi, api nu kho tattha "asmii" ti siyaa | where / but / friend / completely / sensation / not / there is / perhaps / is it / indeed / in that case / I am / (end-quote) / it might be | But, friend, where there is no feeling at all, would there be in that case the thought "I am"? [D.II.67 — xv.(Mahaanidaana).30]
khii.naa me aasavaa | destroyed / for me / taints | The taints are destroyed in me. [D.III.283 — xxxiv.(Dasuttara).1.8(x)]
na ma.m ko ci aasanena pi nimantesi | not / to me / who / ever / with a seat / ever / invited | And no one even offered me a seat. [D.I.91 — iii.(Amba.t.tha).1.13]
aayantu bhonto | may they approach / sirs | Approach, sirs! [D.II.233 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).32]
idha sama.no vaa braahma.no vaa kusala.m dhamma.m adhigacheyya. | here / recluse / or / brahmin / or / good / mental state / he might acquire / | Here a recluse or brahmin might acquire some good mental state,
kusala.m dhamma.m adhigantvaa na parassa aaroceyya. | good / mental state / having acquired / not / to another / he should inform / | and having acquired that good mental state, he should not inform another.
ki.m hi paro parassa karissati. | what / indeed / one / to another / he will do / | For indeed what can one person do for another?
seyyathaa pi naama puraa.na.m bandhana.m chinditvaa | just as / and / then / old / fetter / having cut / | Just as if, then, having cut one fetter,
a~n~na.m nava.m bandhana.m kareyya. | another / new / fetter / he would make | he would create a new one. [D.I.224 — xii.(Lohicca).2]

## English into Pali

I got up from my seat and left | aha.m / u.t.thaaya / aasanaa / pakkaami.m | aha.m u.t.thaay' aasanaa pakkaami.m [D.I.53 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).18]
If the philosopher Gotama should come to this assembly we will ask him this question | sace / sama.no / Gotamo / aagaccheyya / ima.m / parisa.m / puccheyyaama / ta.m / ima.m / pa~nha.m | sace sama.no Gotamo ima.m parisa.m aagaccheyya ta.m ima.m pa~nha.m puccheyyaama [D.III.40 — xxv.(Udumbarika-Siihanaada).7]
What should we do? | ki.m / kareyyaama | ki.m kareyyaama [D.III.73 — xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Siihanaada).21]
I should do meritorious actions | aha.m / kareyya.m / pu~n~naani | aha.m pu~n~naani kareyya.m [D.I.60 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).35]
Sensation is caused by contact | vedanaa / phassa,paccayaa | phassapaccayaa vedanaa [D.II.56 — xv.(Mahaanidaana).2]
You should explain it as it pleases you | (tathaa) / vyaakareyyaasi / ta.m / yaathaa / khameyya / te | yaathaa te khameyya tathaa ta.m vyaakareyyaasi [D.I.60 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).34]
We would invite him to sit down | maya.m / nimanteyyaama / ta.m / aasanena | maya.m ta.m aasanena nimanteyyaama [D.I.60-61 (not I.60 as per book) — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).36]
There will be an eclipse of the moon | bhavissati / canda-(g)gaaho | candaggaaho bhavissati [D.I.10 — i.(Brahmajaala).1.24]
There is nothing here | n'atthi / ki~nci / ettha | n'atthi ki~nci ettha [D.II.331 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).13]
The priests would banish the priest from the city | braahma.naa / pabbaajeyyu.m / braahma.na.m / nagaraa | braahma.naa nagaraa braahma.na.m pabbaajeyyu.m [D.I.98 — iii.(Amba.t.tha).1.26]

# Exercise 15 (pp. 99-100)

## Passage for Reading

te ubho saa.na-bhaara.m aadaaya yen' a~n~natara.m gaama-pada.m ten' upasa.mkami.msu. | they / both / hemp-load / having taken / towards / a certain / village-street / there / they approached | Both bearing their loads of hemp, they approached another village street.
tatth' addasa.msu pahuuta.m saa.na-sutta.m cha.d.dita.m. | there / they saw / much / hemp-thread / abandoned | There they saw a large amount of abandoned hemp thread.
disvaa sahaayako sahaayaka.m aamantesi: | having seen / friend / friend / addressed | Having seen this, one friend said to the other:
yassa kho samma atthaaya iccheyyaama saa.na.m, ida.m pahuuta.m saa.na-sutta.m cha.d.dita.m. | for which / indeed / my dear / purpose / we would want / hemp / this / much / hemp-thread / abandoned | "My dear, this large amount of abandoned hemp thread is just what we want hemp for."
tena hi samma tva~n ca saa.na-bhaara.m cha.d.dehi, aha~n ca saa.na-bhaara.m cha.d.dessaami. | now / my dear / you / and / hemp-load / abandon / I / and / hemp-load / abandon | Now abandon your load of hemp, my dear, and I will abandon mine.
ubho saa.na-sutta-bhaara.m aadaaya gamissaamaa ti. | both / hemp-thread-load / taking / we will go / (end-quote) | And both taking a load of hemp thread, we will go."
aya.m kho me samma saa.na-bhaaro duur-aabhato ca su-sannaddho ca. | this / indeed / of me / my dear / hemp-load / difficult-carried / and / well-tied up / and | "This load of hemp of mine has been difficult to carry and is well tied-up.
ala.m me; tva.m pajaanaahii ti. | sufficient / for me / you / understand / (end-quote) | That's good enough for me; you understand."
atha kho so sahaayako saa.na-bhaara.m cha.d.detvaa saa.na-sutta-bhaara.m aadiyi. | then / indeed / his / friend / hemp, load / having abandoned / hemp-thread-load / took | Then his companion abandoned his load of hemp and took a load of hemp thread. [D.II.350 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).29]

## Pali into English

tena hi braahma.na su.naahi | now / brahmin / listen | Now then Brahmin listen. [D.I.124 — iv.(So.nada.n.da).23]
na tva.m ima.m dhamma-vinaya.m aajaanaasi. aha.m ima.m dhamma-vinaya.m aajaanaami. | not / you / this / doctrine-discipline / you understand / I / this / doctrine-discipline / I understand | You do not understand this doctrine and discipline, whereas I do understand it. [D.III.117 — xxix.(Paasaadika).1]
idha tathaagato jaato | here / tathagatha / born | Here the Tathagatha was born. [D.II.140 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).5.8]
ko ima.m dhamma.m khippa.m eva aajaanissati | who / this / doctrine / quickly / even / will understand | Who would understand this doctrine so quickly? [D.II.40 — xiv.(Mahaapadaana).3.8]
ekacco daana.m deti sama.nassa vaa braahma.nassa vaa anna.m paana.m vattha.m yaana.m maalaa-gandha-vilepana.m seyyaavasatha-padiipeyya.m | someone / charity / gives / to a recluse / or / to a brahmin / or / food / drink / clothing / carriage / garlands-scent-ointment / bed-room-lamp | Someone gives to a recluse or Brahmin food, drink, clothing, transportation, garlands, perfume, ointment, a bed, a room, or lamps. [D.III.259 — xxxiii.(Sa"ngiiti).3.1(vii)]
ko nu kho pana bho jaanaati. madaniiyaa kaamaa. | who / is it / indeed / but / sir / knows / intoxicating / sense pleasures | But who knows, sir? Sense pleasures are intoxicating. [D.II.234 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).34]
jaanaahi yadi vaa ta.m bhavanta.m Gotama.m tathaa santa.m yeva saddo abbhuggato, yadi vaa no tathaa | know you / whether / or / this / honorable / Gotama / true / existing / surely / sound / disseminated / whether / or / not / true | Find out whether or not it is true that this honorable Gotama is just as reported. [D.I.88 — iii.(Amba.t.tha).1.5]
tassa eva.m jaanato eva.m passato kaam-aasavaa pi citta.m vimuccati bhav-aasavaa pi citta.m vimuccati avijj-aasavaa pi citta.m vimuccati | of him / thus / of one knowing / thus / of one seeing / sense desire-taint / and / mind / is freed / becoming-taint / and / mind / is freed / ignorance-taint / and / mind / is freed | The mind of one who thus knows and sees is freed from the taints of sense desire, becoming, and ignorance. [D.I.84 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).97]
ya.m ki~n ci samudaya-dhamma.m, sabban ta.m nirodha-dhamma.m | which / whatever / arising nature / all / that / cessation-nature | Whatever is of the nature to arise, is of the nature to cease. [D.II.41 — xiv.(Mahaapadaana).3.11]
n' atthi jaatassa amarana.m | not / there is / for one born / not death | There is no immortality for anyone born. [D.II.246 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).51]

## English into Pali

What I know, you know; what you know, I know | ya.m / aha.m / jaanaami / tva.m / (ta.m) jaanaasi / ya.m / tva.m / jaanaasi / aha.m / (ta.m) jaanaami | yam aha.m jaanaami ta.m tva.m jaanaasi, ya.m tva.m jaanaasi tam aha.m jaanaami [D.I.88 — iii.(Amba.t.tha).1.3]
I learn the saying of the fortunate one | aajaanaami / bhaasita.m / bhagavato | bhagavato bhaasita.m aajaanaami [D.I.184 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).18]
He will grasp what I explain (fut.) quickly | (ta.m) aajaanissati / ya.m / vyaakarissaami / khippa.m | ya.m vyaakarissaami ta.m khippa.m aajaanissati [D.II.150 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).5.25]
After some time he hears the excellent doctrine | aparena / samayena / so / su.naati / pa.niita.m / dhamma.m | so aparena samayena pa.niita.m dhamma.m su.naati [D.II.214 — xviii.(Janavasabha).23]
The fortunate one, taking robe-and-bowl, entered Raajagaha for alms | bhagavaa / aadaaya / patta-ciivara.m / paavisi / Raajagaha.m / pi.n.daaya | bhagavaa pattaciivara.m aadaaya Raajagaha.m pi.n.daaya paavisi [D.III.180 — xxx1.2]
Stop! Aananda, don't grieve | ala.m / Aananda / ma / paridevi | ala.m Aananda ma paridevi [D.II.144 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).5.14]
He understands that (use direct speech) these beings (are) endowed with bad-conduct-of-the-body | pajaanaati / ime / sattaa / sammannaagataa / kaaya-du-ccaritena / ti | ime sattaa kaayaduccaritena sammannaagataa ti pajaanaati [D.I.82 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).95]
Not-memorizing that speech, I left | anuga.nhanto / ta.m / vaaca.m / pakkaami.m | ta.m vaaca.m anuga.nhanto pakkaami.m [D.I.53 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).18]
Why (is) this unexplained by the philosopher Gotama? | kasmaa (pana) / eta.m / avyaakata.m / sama.nena / Gotamena | kasmaa pan' eta.m sama.nena Gotamena avyaakata.m [D.I.188 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).28]
You (plur.) have gone forth from house to homelessness | tumhe / pabbajitaa / agaarasmaa / anagaariya.m | tumhe agaarasmaa anagaariya.m pabbajitaa [D.III.84 — xxvii.(Agga~n~na).9]

# Exercise 16 (pp. 111-113)

## Passages for Reading

### Passage 1

te yen' a~n~natara.m gaama-pada.m ten' upasa.mkami.msu. | they / towards / a certain / village street / there / they approached | They approached another village street.
tatth' addasa.msu pahuuta.m khoma.m cha.d.dita.m. | there / they saw / much / flax / abandoned | There they saw a large amount of abandoned flax.
disvaa ...pe... pahuuta.m khoma-sutta.m cha.d.dita.m. | having seen / etc. / much / flax thread / abandoned | When they saw this ...etc. ... a large amount of abandoned flax thread.
disvaa ...pe... pahuuta.m suva.n.na.m cha.d.dita.m. | having seen / etc. / much / gold / abandoned | When they saw this ...etc. ... a large amount of abandoned gold.
disvaa sahaayako sahaayaka.m aamantesi: | having seen / friend / friend / addressed | When they saw this, one friend said to the other:
yassa kho samma atthaaya iccheyyaama saa.na.m vaa saa.nasutta.m vaa ... siisa.m vaa sajjhu.m vaa, ida.m pahuuta.m suva.n.na.m cha.d.dita.m. | for which / indeed / my dear / purpose / we would want / hemp / or / hemp, thread / or / ... / lead / or / silver / or / this / much / gold / abandoned | "My dear, this large amount of abandoned gold is the very reason that we want hemp, or hemp thread, or ... lead, or silver.
tena hi, samma tva~n ca saa.na-bhaara.m cha.d.dehi, | now / my dear / you / and / hemp load / abandon | Now abandon your load of hemp, my dear,
aha~n ca sajjhu-bhaara.m, cha.d.dessaami, | I / and / silver load / abandon | and I will abandon my load of silver,
ubho suva.n.na-bhaara.m aadaaya gamissaamaa ti. | both / gold load / taking / we will go / (end-quote) | And both taking a load of gold, we will go."
aya.m kho me samma saa.na-bhaaro duur-aabhato ca su-sannaddho ca. | this / indeed / of me / my dear / hemp load / difficult carried / and / well tied up / and | "This load of hemp of mine has been difficult to carry and is well tied-up.
ala.m me; tva.m pajaanaahii ti. | sufficient / for me / you / understand / (end-quote) | That's good enough for me; you understand." [D.II.350-351 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).29]

### Passage 2

bhuutapubba.m a~n~nataro suukara-posako puriso sakamhaa gaamaa a~n~na.m gaama.m agamaasi. | in the past / a certain / pig-raiser / man / from own / village / other / village / he went | Once, a certain man who raised pigs went from his own village to another.
tatth' addasaa pahuuta.m sukkha-guutha.m cha.d.dita.m. | there / he saw / much / dry-dung / abandoned | There he saw a large amount of abandoned dried dung.
disvaan' assa etad ahosi: | having seen / to him / thus / it was | When he saw this, he thought to himself:
aya.m me bahuko sukkha-guutho cha.d.dito, mama~n ca suukara-bhatta.m. | this / for me / much / dry-dung / abandoned / my / and / pig-food | "This is a lot of abandoned dried dung for me, and this is food for my pigs.
ya.n nuunaa-ha.m ito sukkha-guutha.m hareyyan ti. | which / is it not I / from here / dry dung / I should take / (end-quote) | Why shouldn't I take this dried dung from here?"
so uttaraa-sa"nga.m pattharitvaa pahuuta.m sukkha-guutha.m aaharitvaa | he / outer-robe / having spread / much / dry-dung / having taken | He spread out his cloak, took a load of dried dung,
bha.n.dika.m bandhitvaa siise ubbaahetvaa, agamaasi. | in a bundle / having bound / on the head / having lifted up / he left | bound it up in a bundle, lifted it up onto his head, and left.
tassa antaraa magge mahaa akaala-megho paavassi. | of him / whilst / on the way / great / untimely-cloud / rained heavily | Whilst on his way, a large unseasonable raincloud drenched him.
so uggharanta.m paggharanta.m yaava agga-nakhaa guuthena makkhito guutha-bhaara.m aadaaya agamaasi. | he / oozing / dripping / as far as / tip-toenails / with dung / smeared / dung-load / taking / he went | Bearing his load of dung, which was oozing and dripping down to the tips of his toenails, he went on his way smeared with dung.
tam ena.m manussaa disvaa evam aaha.msu: | then / him / people / having seen / thus / they said | Then people, on seeing him, said thus:
kacci no tva.m bha.ne ummatto, kacci viceto. | aren't you? / not / you / I say! / mad / aren't you? / daft | "I say! You must be mad, you must be daft?
katha.m hi naama uggharanta.m paggharanta.m yaava agganakhaa guuthena makkhito guutha-bhaara.m harissasii ti. | why / for / indeed / oozing / dripping / as far as / tip, toe nails / with dung / smeared / dung load / you will carry / (end-quote) | How could you, smeared with dung, carry a load of dung, oozing and dripping down to the tips of your toenails?"
tumhe kho ettha bha.ne ummattaa tumhe vicetaa | you / indeed / here / I say! / mad / you / daft | "In this case, I say that you are mad, you are daft,
tathaa hi pana me suukara-bhattan ti. | since / though / but / for me / pig-food / (end-quote) | since for me this is pig food." [D.II.347-348 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).25]

## Pali into English

Bhagavaa Raajagahe viharati | Blessed One / at Rajagaha / was living | The Blessed One was living at Rajagaha. [D.I.47 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).1]
ime candima-suriyaa parasmi.m loke na imasmi.m | these / moon-sun / in other / in the world / not / in this | This sun and moon are in the other world, not in this world. [D.II.319 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).5]
kismi.m vivaado | on what / quarrel | What is the quarrel about? [D.I.237 — xiii.(Tevijja).9]
eva.m vutte a~n~nataro raaj-aamacco raajaana.m etad avoca | thus / on it said / a certain / king minister / the king / this / he said | After this was said, a certain king's minister said this to the king. [D.I.47 — ii.(Saama~n~naphala).2]
na daani tena cira.m jiivitabba.m bhavissati | not / now / by this / for a long time / to be lived / he will be | Now he does not have long to live. [D.II.22 — xiv.(Mahaapadaana).2.2]
so bhotaa ra~n~na vippa.tisaaro na kara.niiyo | this / by honorable / by the king / regret / not / ought to be done | This honorable king should not show such regret. [D.I.138 — v.(Kuu.tadanta).15]
na kho pan' eta.m Po.t.thapaada eva.m da.t.thabba.m | not / indeed / but / this / Potthapada / thus / to be considered | But, Potthapada, this surely should not be considered this way. [D.I.196 — ix.(Po.t.thapaada).40]
ki~n cid eva kara.niiya.m uppajji | what / ever / thus / to be done / arose | Some business or other came up. [D.II.340 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).21]
ida.m sevitabba.m, ida.m na sevitabba.m | this / to be practiced / this / not / to be practiced | This is to be practiced, and this is not to be practiced. [D.II.223 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).7]

## English into Pali

If now I were to ask the philosopher Gotama a question, | ce / va kho pana / aha.m / puccheyya.m / sama.na.m / Gotama.m / pa~nha.m | aha.m ce va kho pana sama.na.m Gotama.m pa~nha.m puccheyya.m,
if in that connection the philosopher Gotama were to say to me thus: | ce / tattha / sama.no / Gotamo / vadeyya / ma.m / eva.m | tattha ce sama.no Gotamo ma.m eva.m vadeyya:
"Priest, this question, now, should not be asked thus, | braahma.na / eso / pa~nho / ca / na / pucchitabbo / eva.m | na c' eso braahma.na pa~nho eva.m pucchitabbo,
but thus, priest, this question should be asked," | naama / eva.m / braahma.na / eso / pa~nho / pucchitabbo / (iti) | eva.m naam' eso braahma.na pa~nho pucchitabbo ti
this assembly would despise me for that: | aya.m / parisaa / paribhaveyya / ma.m / tena | tena ma.m aya.m parisaa paribhaveyya:
"The priest Sonadanda is a fool, unintelligent, | braahma.no / So.nada.n.do / baalo / avyatto | baalo braahma.no So.nada.n.do avyatto
he could not ask the philosopher Gotama a question consequently." | asakkhi / na / pucchitu.m / sama.na.m / Gotama.m / pa~nha.m / yoniso / (ti) | naasakkhi sama.na.m Gotama.m yoniso pa~nha.m pucchitun ti.
If now the philosopher Gotama were to ask me a question, | ce / va kho pana / sama.no / Gotamo / puccheyya / ma.m / pa~nha.m | ma.m ce va kho pana sama.no Gotamo pa~nha.m puccheyya,
and I were not to satisfy his mind with my explanation of his question, | ca / aha.m / na / aaraadheyya.m / citta.m / veyyaakara.nena / tassa / pa~nhassa | tassa caaha.m pa~nhassa veyyaakara.nena citta.m na aaraadheyya.m,
if in that connection the philosopher Gotama were to say to me thus: | ce / tattha / sama.no / Gotamo / vadeyya / ma.m / eva.m | tattha ce sama.no Gotamo ma.m eva.m vadeyya:
"Priest, this question, now, should not be explained thus, | braahma.na / eso / pa~nho / ca / na / pucchitabbo / eva.m | na c' eso braahma.na pa~nho eva.m pucchitabbo,
but thus, priest, this question should be explained," | naama / eva.m / braahma.na / eso / pa~nho / vyaakaatabbo / (iti) | eva.m naam' eso braahma.na pa~nho vyaakaatabbo ti
this assembly would despise me for that: | aya.m / parisaa / paribhaveyya / ma.m / tena | tena ma.m aya.m parisaa paribhaveyya:
"The priest Sonadanda is a fool, unintelligent, | braahma.no / So.nada.n.do / baalo / avyatto | baalo braahma.no So.nada.n.do avyatto
he couldn't satisfy his mind with his explanation of the philosopher Gotama's question." | asakkhi / na / aaraadhetu.m / citta.m / veyyaakara.nena / sama.nassa / Gotamassa / pa~nhassa / (ti) | naasakkhi sama.nassa Gotamassa pa~nhassa veyyaakara.nena citta.m aaraadhetun ti. [D.I.117-118 (not I.118 as per book) — iv.(So.nada.n.da).8]

# Exercise 17 (pp. 120-121)

## Passage for Reading

bhuutapubba.m mahaa saka.ta-sattho saka.ta-sahassa.m puratthimaa janapadaa pacchima.m janapada.m agamaasi. | in the past / great / cart caravan / cart thousand / eastern / district / western / district / went | Once a large caravan of a thousand carts was traveling from the east to the west.
so yena yena gacchati khippa.m eva pariyaadiyati ti.na-ka.t.th-odaka.m haritaka-va.n.na.m. | it / wherever / it goes / quickly / just / it exhausts / grass-firewood water / green-color | Wherever it went, it quickly exhausted the grass, firewood, water, and green stuff.
tasmi.m kho pana satthe dve satthavaahaa ahesu.m; | in that / indeed / but / caravans / two / caravan-leader / there were | Now in that caravan there were two caravan-leaders;
eko pa~ncanna.m sakata-sataana.m, eko pa~ncanna.m saka.ta-sataana.m. | one / five / cart-hundred / one / five / cart-hundred | each one consisting of five hundred carts.
atha kho tesa.m sattha-vaahaana.m etad ahosi: | then / indeed / of these / of the caravan-leaders / thus / it was | Then the following thought occurred to these caravan-leaders:
aya.m kho mahaa saka.ta-sattho saka.ta-sahassa.m. | this / indeed / great / cart-caravan / cart-thousand | "This cart caravan is indeed large with a thousand carts.
te maya.m yena yena gacchaama khippam eva pariyaadiyati ti.na-ka.t.th-odaka.m haritaka-va.n.na.m. | they / we / wherever / we go / quickly / just / it exhausts / grass-firewood-water / green-color | Wherever we go, the caravan quickly exhausts the grass, firewood, water, and green stuff.
yan nuuna maya.m ima.m sattha.m dvidhaa vibhajeyyaama ekato pa~nca saka.ta-sataani. | which / is it not / we / this / caravan / in two / we should divide / each / five / cart hundred | Why don't we divide this caravan into two, each with five hundred carts?" [D.II.342-3 — xxiii.(Paayaasi).23]

## Pali into English

tena hi braahma.na su.naahi, bhaasissaami | now then / Brahmin / listen / I will speak | Now then, Brahmin, listen and I will speak. [D.I.124 — iv.(So.nada.n.da).23]
diigha.m assasaami | long / I breathe in | I am breathing in a long breath. [D.II.291 — xxii.(Mahaasatipa.t.thaana).2]
maa ekena dve agamittha | do not / by one (way) / two / go | Do not both go the same way. [D.II.45 — xiv.(Mahaapadaana).3.22]
disvaa va maya.m ta.m bhagavanta.m Gotama.m gamissaama | having seen / just / we / this / Blessed One / Gotama / we will go | After we have seen the Blessed One Gotama, we will leave. [D.I.151 — vi.2]
devaa sabhaaya.m sannisinnaa honti | gods / in the assembly hall / seated together / they are | The gods are seated together in the assembly hall. [D.II.225 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).14]
santaan' eva nu kho saddaani naassosi, udaahu asantaani | existing / just / is it not / indeed / sounds / not he heard / or / not existing | Are there any sounds he did not hear, or are there not? [D.I.152 — vi.5]
aham pana agaarasmaa anagaariya.m pabbajissaami | I / but / from home / to homelessness / I will go forth | But I will go forth from home to homelessness. [D.III.64 — xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Siihanaada).8 ]
katame pa~nca | what / five | What are the five? [D.II.85 — xvi.(Mahaaparinibbaana).1.23]
kaamesu micchaa na caritabbaa | in the passions / misconduct / not / should be practiced | Sexual misconduct should not be practiced. [D.III.62 — xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Siihanaada).6]
ya.m sukho bhava.m ta.m sukhaa maya.m, ya.m dukko bhava.m ta.m dukkhaa maya.m | if / happy / your honor / then / happy / we / if / unhappy / your honor / then / unhappy / we | If your honor is happy, then we are happy; if your honor is unhappy, then we are unhappy. [D.II.233 — xix.(Mahaagovinda).33]

## English into Pali

Priests declare (one) endowed with these five characteristics a priest. | braahma.naa / pa~n~naapenti / samannaagata.m / pa~ncahi / a"ngehi / braahma.na.m | braahma.naa pa~ncahi a"ngehi samannaagata.m braahma.na.m pa~n~naapenti. [D.I.120 — iv.(So.nada.n.da).13]
Of these five characteristics let us except class, for what will class effect? | imesa.m / pa~ncanna.m / a"ngaana.m / .thapayaama / va.n.na.m / hi / ki.m / va.n.no / karissati | imesa.m pa~ncanna.m a"ngaana.m va.n.na.m .thapayaama, ki.m hi va.n.no karissati? [D.I.120 — iv.(So.nada.n.da).14]
"Don't you bother, let the priest Sonadanda discuss with me." | ti.t.thatha / tu.mhe / braahma.no / So.nada.n.do / mantetu / saddhi.m / mayaa / iti | ti.t.thatha tu.mhe, So.nada.n.do braahma.no mayaa saddhi.m mantetuuti. [D.I.122 — iv.(So.nada.n.da).18]
When it had been spoken thus the priest Sonadanda said this to the fortunate one: "Let the honorable Gotama not trouble, let the honorable Gotama be silent, I by myself will make a reply to them according to the doctrine." | vutte / eva.m / braahma.no / So.nada.n.do / avoca / etad / Bhagavanta.m / bhava.m / Gotamo / ti.t.thatu / bhava.m / Gotamo / hotu / tu.nhii / aham / eva / karissaami / pa.tivacana.m / tesa.m / dhammena / iti | eva.m vutte So.nada.n.do braahma.no Bhagavanta.m etad avoca: ti.t.thatu bhava.m Gotamo, tu.nhii bhava.m Gotamo hotu, aham eva tesa.m dhammena pa.tivacana.m karissaamii ti.
Then the priest Sonadanda said this to those priests: "Sirs! Do not speak thus: 'His honor Sonadanda surely disparages class, disparages prayers, certainly his honor Sonadanda is going over to the argument of the philosopher Gotama himself,' I do not, sir, disparage either class or prayers." | attha kho / braahma.no / So.nada.n.do / avoca / etad / te / braahma.ne / bhavanto / maa / avacuttha / eva.m / bhava.m / So.nada.n.do / eva / apavadati / va.n.na.m / apavadati / mante / eka.msena / bhava.m / So.nada.n.do / anupakkhandati / vaada.m / sama.nassa / Gotamassa / eva / iti / aha.m / na / bho / apavadaami / vaa / va.n.na.m / vaa / mante / iti | attha kho So.nada.n.do braahma.no te braahma.ne etad avoca: maa bhavanto eva.m avacuttha: apavadat' eva bhava.m So.nada.n.do va.n.na.m apavadati mante eka.msena bhava.m So.nada.n.do sama.nass' eva Gotamassa vaada.m anupakkhandatii ti. N'aaha.m bho apavadaami va.n.na.m vaa mante vaa ti. [D.I.122-123 — iv.(So.nada.n.da).19]
At that very time a young priest called Angaka, a nephew of the priest Sonadanda, was sitting in that assembly. | tena / kho / samayena / pana / maa.navo / naama / A"ngako / bhaagineyyo / braahma.nassa / So.nada.n.dassa / hoti / nisinno / tassa.m / paarisaaya.m | tena kho pana samayena So.nada.n.dassa braahma.nassa bhaagineyyo A"ngako naama maa.navo tassa.m paarisaaya.m nisinno hoti. [D.I.123 — iv.(So.nada.n.da).20]
Do you see, sirs, this young priest Angaka, our nephew? Yes, sir. | passanti (nu) / bhonto / ima.m / maa.navaka.m / A"ngaka.m / amhaaka.m / bhaagineyya.m / (iti) / eva.m / bho / (iti) | passanti nu bhonto ima.m A"ngaka.m maa.navaka.m amhaaka.m bhaagineyyan ti. eva.m bho ti. [D.I.123 — iv.(So.nada.n.da).20]
Where (there is) virtue, there (there is) wisdom, where wisdom, virtue. | yattha / siila.m / tattha / pa~n~naa / yattha / pa~n~naa / tattha / siila.m | yattha siila.m tattha pa~n~naa yattha pa~n~naa tattha siila.m. [D.I.124 — iv.(So.nada.n.da).21]
It is reported that in the world the supreme is of-virtue-and-wisdom. | akkhaayati / lokasmi.m / agga.m / siila-pa~n~naana.m / iti. | siila-pa~n~naana.m lokasmi.m agga.m akkhaayatiiti. [D.I.124 — iv.(So.nada.n.da).21]

- Exercises 1-17
- Ex. 18
- Ex. 19
- Ex. 20
- Ex. 21